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對(duì)于參加托福考試的同學(xué)來說，托福閱讀是其中的一部分，其中我們?cè)谕懈ｉ喿x考試中會(huì)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯。 一. 構(gòu)詞法 中國的漢字會(huì)有偏旁部首，而英語詞匯也是如此。詞匯的構(gòu)成有一定規(guī)律可循，通常有如下兩種： 1. 合成法：將兩個(gè)單詞合成構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。 out + break = outbreak 爆發(fā) down + hill = downhill 下坡的 over + throw = overthrow 推翻 hot + foot = hotfoot 匆忙地 before + hand = beforehand 事先 2. 派生法：在詞根前后加上前綴或后綴，構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞。 前綴： value (名詞，價(jià)值) + de-(下，向下) → devalue (動(dòng)詞，降低…的價(jià)值) little (形容詞，小的) + be- (使……成為)→ belittle (動(dòng)詞，輕視) 后綴： inflame (動(dòng)詞，點(diǎn)火) + -ability (能……) → inflammability (名詞，易燃性) conceive (動(dòng)詞，設(shè)想)+ -able(可……的) → conceivable (形容詞，可想象的) 例題：This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. Q: The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to A: difficult to control B: without any restriction C: unlike anything in the past D: rapidly expanding 解析：un表示not沒有，pre表示before之前，precede是在……之前的意思，所以選擇C正確。 二. 語境法 根據(jù)上下文語境內(nèi)容來推斷出某個(gè)詞匯的含義，就是語境法。通常托福閱讀中考查到以下兩種語境： 1. 并列語境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個(gè)同義的關(guān)系。 例題：Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. Q: In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be A: sudden B: early C: gradual D: strong and healthy 解析：可以利用句子的并列關(guān)系來推測(cè)，develop vigorously和生產(chǎn)大量的花和果實(shí)并列，那么很明顯，D選項(xiàng) 合適。 2. 轉(zhuǎn)折語境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個(gè)相反的關(guān)系。 For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated. Q: The word Conversely meaning to A: on the other hand B: in the same way C: in other words D: on average 解析：原句說有河水流入流出的是surface water dominated，前一句說一個(gè)沒有地表水流入的pond是seepage dominated，那么后文當(dāng)然與之相對(duì)，所以正確答案是A。 三. 歸納法 “狂背單詞，疏于整理”是一大誤區(qū)。積累單詞的同時(shí)，要進(jìn)行整理歸納，以下有兩種推崇的方法： 1. 意群法：將意思相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。 吝嗇：stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty 貧窮：indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, poverty 2. 類比法：將形式相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。 infect v.感染，傳染 affect v.影響;感染;感動(dòng);假裝 inflect v.彎曲;改變;使屈曲 effect n.影響;效果;作用 (責(zé)任編輯：admin) |
